1. Botanical Production (Vegetative Production)

1.1. Vegetation Cover

The mail vegetation covers at this area whose structure is generally mountainous and covered with trees occur from the forest trees. Alaçam, Çarşamba, Kavak, Vezirköprü and Ayvacık forest are the most important ones. As forest trees, Vilonia oak, pine tree, hornbeam oak and beech tree take the first places. Apart from these, poplar tree, Salix, chestnut tree, locust tree and plane tree are also present in these forests. This vegetation cover which gives a unique attribution to Black Sea Region has decreased in great amount due to wrong cut downs of trees and also because of the illegal cut downs. Very big marshy regions and reed fields are present near the broad posture areas of the region, especially at Çarşamba, Bafra and Ladik boroughs.

Samsun is quite rich from the point of vegetation cover. In Samsun, as well as the forests, vineyards and orchards, grassland and plantation reserve an important place. The most important agricultural products of our city are wheat, tobacco, corn, vegetables, helianthus, sugar beet, and hazelnut and rice plant. Irrigated farming is being made on the 112.098 hectare area of the city whose total agricultural area is 455.324 hectares, while waterless farming is being made on the rest 343.226 hectares area. Bafra plain which is one of the two important plains has an agricultural area of 69.110 hectares and the other plain, Çarşamba Plain has an agricultural area of 53.300 hectares.

1.2. Land Allocation
                                                     
Type of the Land                         Air field(Ha)                    Ratio (%)
Cultivated area                            455.324                             47,5 
Forested area                              358.107                             37,4
Grassland –posture area            33.721                                3,5
Non-agricultural area                  110.748                             11,6
Total                                               957.900                             100                                                

The allocation of the agricultural land production area according to the application situation (01.01.2007)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture

1.3. Arable Field Products

The four main products that are being produced in our town from their economic aspects are wheat, rice plant, tobacco and hazelnuts. Helianthus agriculture is being made as industrial plant. Grassland, posture area and feeding plant cultivation amounts have increased as the result of the feeding plant supports which are being applied by the Ministry of Agriculture, and this increase continues. Our city has a very appropriate potential from the point of arable field products. Predominate arable field products as of years can be seen below.

1.3.1. Arable Field Products Production as of years (Tones)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agricultur

1.3.2. Information about important products

Wheat: Wheat production in our city is being made according to the family needs and with a commercial purpose. Is production is dense mostly at the inner parts of the city. suitable for seed wheat needs have been encountered through certified ovaries like Cumhuriyet 75, Momtchill, Gönen, Bezostia-1, Panda, Orso, Golia with the recommendation of the Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, and besides, it was provided by the farmers. Wheat cultivation area is yearly 137.825 hectares and yearly production is 459.177 tones..

Corn: According to the cultivation time, corn is the first product in our city and it is cultivated rotationally with cereal. Through bead production and silage, it is being utilized as animal breed. As the ovary of the corn that is being produced at our region, hybrid seeds which have high efficiency and the corn of our region ‘’Karadeniz Yıldızı’’ and Arifiye Slajlık, ZP-677,TTM-813 types are being used.. Total corn cultivation area in our city is yearly 53.496 hectares and yearly total bead production is 205.037 tones.

Rice plant: Rice plant production is being made in nine (9) boroughs in our city. The production of rice plant has intensified especially in Terme, Bafra, Alaçam, Çarşamba and Tekkeköy boroughs. In our town, abrupt irrigation method is being applied for rice plant.  Rice plant cultivation ss generally authorized (licensed). In our town, yearly 80.607 tones of rice plant production is being made on an area of 10.091 hectares.

The 2006 cultivation areas of important products and their annual production amounts

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture 2006

1.4. Vegetable Gardening

Vegetable gardening is being made in a widespread manner in the Bafra and Çarşamba plains of our city, in broad areas. The vegetables which are being produced mostly are tomato, paprika, cucumber, eggplant, spinach, bean, zucchini, cabbage, leek, water melon and casaba melon. Vegetable cultivation is being made on a total are of 28.645 hectares.

Furthermore, vegetable production is being mad at increasing amounts in the resent years in plastic hothouses and high tunnels growing. Present covered area is 13.778 decare. There are problems regarding the evaluation and marketing of the vegetables that are being produced intensively in our city. In order to solve these problems, the establishment of bottled/canned goods and shocking facilities is seen necessary.

The 2006 year production of the vegetables which are being produced primarily are as follows:
Tomato: 247.978 ton
Paprika: 185.166 ton
Cabbage: 184.048 ton
cucumber: 68.221 ton
Water melon: 111.406 ton
Fresh Beans: 85.320 ton

1.4.1. Vegetable products as of years (01.01.2007)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture 2006

1.5. Fruit Growing

In our town, enclosure fruit growing production is being made on an area of 91.335 hectares. 87.819 hectares of the enclosure area is hazelnut area. Hazelnut Production is being made in Central, Terme, Çarşamba, Salıpazarı, Ayvacık, Tekkeköy, 19 Mayıs, Bafra, Alaçam, Yakakent and Asarcık boroughs. Again, as enclosure production, peach production is being made in Central and Çarşamba boroughs, and peach production is an important source of income. The production of other fruits is being made in the form of disorganized trees. There are 87.866 hectares hazelnut fields in our city and 107.298 tones of hazelnut production are made. There are 589.672 units of peach trees which give fruit and 28.146 tones of peach were produced from these trees. Additionally, there are 341.710 units of apple trees which give fruit and 13.063 tones of apple were produced from these trees. Furthermore, there are 202.418 units of pear trees which give fruit and 8.045 tones of pear were produced from these trees.

In our country, hazelnut is the most important product within the product whose production reaches to the amount that cannot be finished only with inland consumption. It is possible to decrease the hazelnut cultivation areas and produce other products in these areas whose consumption and exportation is possible. In Çarşamba and Terme Plains, alternative products can be cultivated instead of hazelnut that is being produced at the bottom arable fields. Alternative product studies at the hazelnut cultivation areas have started with the law numbered 3438. According to the law, it is forbidden to plant hazelnut other than the areas Çarşamba, Terme, Ayvacık and Salıpazarı boroughs. Additionally, it is forbidden to plant hazelnut in the above stated places lower than 6 % and higher places than 750 meters from sea level. Arable plain fields where hazelnut production is being made has increased in great amounts and rapidly in the recent years. Hazelnut agriculture is being made on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree arable fields. The production of corn, rice plant, soybeans, sugar beet, all vegetables, fruit growing in some villages, and cover-under production in plastic hothouses can be made in these arable fields instead of hazelnut production.

In Çarşamba plain; hazelnut production is being made on an area of 24.078 hectares. According to the 2006 ear costs net income that will be gained from 1 decare hazelnut field is approximately around -90 New Turkish Liras. If peach production is made at the same field, 431 New Turkish Liras is can be earned, on the other hand, 577 New Turkish Liras can be gained if water melon is produced and 760 New Turkish Liras can be gained is tomato is produced.

1.5.1. Fruit products production as of years (Tones)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture 2006

1.5.2. The production and efficiency value of the fruit trees in our city (2006)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture
      
Note: While the column of ‘’Number of trees’’ was filled, the number of trees that give fruit were taken into account. While the column of ‘’Area’’ was filled, enclosure fruit field areas were taken into account

1.6. Hothouse Growing

Two products are taken in one season in a 200 square meter plastic hothouse. 2.000 New Turkish Liras of revenue can be gained from an area of 200 square meters.

1.6.1. Hothouse Growing Applications (2006)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture

 1.6.2. Hothouse growing cultivation (2006)

The production amount in glass hothouse areas is nineteen (19) tones. Plastic hothouse area is 8.269 da, production amount in plastic hothouse areas is 77.839 tones. The area of low-tunnel, high-tunnel hothouses is 5.507 da, production amount in these hothouses is 30.603 tones. Total hothouse are is 13.778 da, production amount is 108.461 tones.

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture

1.7. Agricultural mechanization equipment situation (2006)

The number of agricultural mechanization equipment can be listed as follows: the number of primitive ploughs are 1.923 units, the number of Tractor ploughs are 31.082 units, the number of garden rakes are 27.364 units, the number of rolling presses are 579 units, the number of sowing machines are 715 units, the number of pulverizators are 17.566 units, the number of atomizers are 2.559 units, the number of sprinkler systems are 4.108 units, the number of combine harvesters are 266 units, the number of helve harvesters are 5.882 units, the number of baling machines are 467 units, the number of binders are 602 units, the number of H. plough plows are 17.285 units, the number of cultivators are 4.520 units, the number of soil milling machines are 2.092 units, the number of hoeing machines are 552 units, the number of fertilizer distributors are 3.241 units, the number of pollinators are 1.270 units, the number of Motopomps are 4.650 units, the number of reaping machines are 2.928 units, the number or middle hoeing machines are 2.768 units, the number of swaths are 968 units, the number of water tankers are 15.205 units, the number of Tractors are 34.232 units.
                                                                  

 Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture

1.8. Agriculture Intentional Cooperatives (2006)

Source: Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture

1.9. Irrigation (Watering)

İlimizin 455.324 hektarlık tarım alanının modern anlamda sadece % 24,62 lük bir kısmında sulu tarım yapılmaktadır. Bu durum çizelge olarak aşağıda gösterilmiştir.

Our city has an agricultural area of 455.324 hectares. Irrigated farming in modern ways is being made in only 24,62 % of this agricultural area. This situation is shown on the chart below.

The Distribution of Agricultural Areas according to the Irrigation situation

Agricultural field                        Area (Ha)                           Ratio(%)
Irrigated                                        112.098                               24,62
Waterless                                    343.226                               75,38
Total............................................ 455.324............................... 100

1.9.1. The areas that are being irrigated by Rural Services